Physical Geography
- Climatic changes
- Global warming
- Greenhouse effect
- Classification of climates, (Koppen and Thornthwaite)
- Tropical and temperate cyclones
- Air masses and fronts
- Horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature, inversion of temperature
- Insolation,heat budget of the earth
- Composition, Structure and Stratification of the atmosphere
- Geomorphic processes; Weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition,soil formation,Landscape cycles, ideas of Davis and Penck
- Evolution and characteristics of landforms in the Fluvial, Glacial, Arid and Karst regions
- Major types of rocks and their characteristics
- Tsunamis
- Earthquakes
- Plate tectonics
- Wegner’s Continental Drift Theory
- Interior of earth,
- Origin and evolution of earth
- Various National Missions and Programmes:-
- Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
Indian Geography
- Agricultural Crops of India
- Landforms
- Multipurpose Projects & Hydro-Electric Projects in India
- Mineral Resources of India
- Drainage System of India
- Environment and Ecological Issues
- Development of Industries : Types of Industries;factors of industrial location, distribution and changing pattern of selected industries [iron and steel, cotton textile, sugar and petro- chemicals); Weber’s theory of industrial location-lts relevance in the modern world.
- Non- metallic and conventional minerals [coal,petroleum and natural gas), (c) hydro electricity and non conventional sources of energy (Solar, Wind, bio-gas),(d) energy sources Their distribution and conservation.
- Minerals and Energy Resources : Distribution and utility of [a] metallic minerals (ion ore, copper, bauxite, manganese)
- Scarcity of water, methods of conservation-rain water harvesting and watershed management, ground water management
- Utilization for industrial and other purposes, irrigation
- Water Resources : Availability
- Geographical condition and distribution of major crops, like,Rice, Wheat,Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Rubber, Tea and Coffee
- Development and Utilization Land Resources ie General land use, agricultural land use
- Natural Resources of India
- functional classification of urban settlements Problems of human settlement in India
- Urban morphology
- Types of Settlements : rural and urban
- Population, environment and development
- Age: Sex, ratio, rural-urban composition
World Geography
FAQs on Geography of India and World Geography of Uttarakhand
Where is Uttarakhand located in India?
Uttarakhand, also known as Devbhumi (“Land of the Gods”), is located in North India. It is bordered by Tibet (China) to the north, Nepal to the east, Himachal Pradesh to the west, and Uttar Pradesh to the south.
How does Uttarakhand contribute to India’s geography?
Himalayas: Uttarakhand encompasses a significant portion of the Himalayas, including Nanda Devi, the second-highest peak in India.
- River Sources: The state is the source of major rivers like the Ganges and Yamuna, crucial for India’s water resources.
- Biodiversity Hotspot: Its diverse ecosystems contribute to India’s rich biodiversity, including rare flora and fauna.
What are the major geographical features of Uttarakhand?
- Mountains: Himalayas dominate the landscape with snow-capped peaks, glaciers, and valleys.
- Rivers: Ganges, Yamuna, Bhagirathi, Alaknanda, Mandakini, and others flow through the state.
- Lakes: Nainital, Bhimtal, Sattal, and others add to the scenic beauty.
- Forests: The state has diverse forests ranging from subtropical to alpine.
How does Uttarakhand’s geography relate to the global context?
- Himalayas: Part of the world’s youngest and highest mountain range, influencing climate and biodiversity.
- River Systems: The Ganges and Yamuna are major rivers not just for India but also for the entire South Asian region.
- Climate Change: The Himalayan glaciers are melting rapidly, contributing to global concerns about climate change and water scarcity.
How does Uttarakhand’s location affect its climate?
- Altitude: Higher altitudes experience colder temperatures, while lower regions have a subtropical climate.
- Monsoon: The state receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon season (June-September).
- Western Disturbances: These weather systems bring winter rainfall and snowfall to the region.
What are the implications of Uttarakhand’s geography for its economy?
- Tourism: The scenic beauty and religious sites attract a large number of tourists, contributing significantly to the state’s economy.
- Hydropower: The rivers provide immense potential for hydroelectric power generation.
- Agriculture: The fertile valleys support agriculture, but the mountainous terrain limits large-scale farming.