UKPSC 2023 Paper SCIENCE

Points to Remember: Definition and basic principles of genetic engineering. Various applications across different sectors. Ethical considerations and potential risks. Future prospects and advancements. Introduction: Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification (GM), is a set of technologies used to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. This involves directly manipulating an organism’s genes using … Read more What do you understand by ‘Genetic Engineering’? Mention its applications.

Points to Remember: Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide). Its structure is a six-carbon ring. Glucose testing methods vary depending on the context (e.g., blood glucose vs. urine glucose). Accuracy and reliability are crucial in glucose testing. Introduction: Glucose, a monosaccharide with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆, is a fundamental source of energy for living organisms. … Read more Explain the structure of glucose and its method of testing.

Points to Remember: Comprehensive assessment of air quality across India. Identification of pollution sources and trends. Data-driven policy formulation and implementation. Public awareness and participation. International collaboration and benchmarking. Introduction: Air pollution is a significant environmental and public health challenge in India. The National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP), implemented by the Central Pollution Control … Read more Describe the objectives of the National Air Quality Monitoring Programme.

Points to Remember: Biofertilizers are substances containing living microorganisms. They enhance nutrient availability to plants. Different types cater to specific nutrient needs. Advantages include environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Introduction: Biofertilizers are substances that contain living microorganisms. Unlike chemical fertilizers, which provide nutrients directly, biofertilizers work by enhancing the availability of essential nutrients in the soil. … Read more Give a brief account of the types and advantages of bio-fertilizers.

Points to Remember: Scale and Density: Rural planning deals with lower densities and larger areas, while urban planning focuses on higher densities and smaller areas. Land Use: Rural planning prioritizes agriculture, forestry, and open space, while urban planning emphasizes residential, commercial, and industrial uses. Infrastructure: Rural areas require different infrastructure needs (e.g., roads, water supply) … Read more What are the basic differences between rural and urban planning?

Points to Remember: ABO blood group system Rh factor Antigen and antibody interactions Implications for blood transfusions Introduction: Human blood is classified into different groups based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The most important system for blood typing is the ABO system, which categorizes blood … Read more Why is blood group O-negative considered a universal donor? Explain the reason for it.

Points to Remember: Photovoltaic effect Semiconductor materials (Silicon) p-n junction Electron-hole pair generation Current flow Efficiency limitations Introduction: Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic (PV) cells, are devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This conversion is based on the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon where light energy is absorbed by a material, causing electrons to … Read more Explain the working mechanism of a solar cell.

Points to Remember: Data input Data validation Data processing Data output Data storage Introduction: Data processing is the manipulation of data to produce meaningful information. It’s a fundamental function of any computer system, transforming raw data – numbers, text, images, etc. – into a usable format for decision-making, analysis, or storage. This process involves several … Read more Explain the steps of data processing in a computer system.

Points to Remember: Geological factors (rock type, slope angle, etc.) Climatic factors (rainfall, snowmelt, etc.) Human activities (deforestation, road construction, etc.) Triggering mechanisms (earthquakes, heavy rainfall events, etc.) Introduction: The Himalayan region, a geologically active and highly mountainous area, is prone to landslides and avalanches. These catastrophic events cause significant loss of life and property, … Read more What are the main reasons for landslides and avalanches in the Himalayan region? Mention them.

Points to Remember: Ozone layer depletion is primarily caused by human-made chemicals. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are the main culprits. The depletion is most severe over Antarctica (the “ozone hole”). International cooperation is crucial to address this environmental challenge. Introduction: The ozone layer, a region in the Earth’s stratosphere (approximately 15-35 km … Read more Mention the causes of ozone layer depletion.