UKPSC 2012 Paper VI

Points to Remember: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) programs focus on mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery from disasters. Programs are diverse, covering various disaster types and incorporating technological advancements. Effectiveness is evaluated through impact assessments and continuous improvement efforts. Introduction: The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the apex body in India responsible for coordinating … Read more Describe various programmes of the National Disaster Management Authority.

Points to Remember: Email’s role in communication and collaboration. E-commerce’s impact on business and consumer behavior. Search engines’ influence on information access and retrieval. M-commerce’s growth and mobile-first approach. Introduction: The internet has revolutionized communication, commerce, and information access. Its applications are diverse and constantly evolving, but some key areas stand out: email, e-commerce, search … Read more Explain in detail E-mail, E-commerce, Searching, and M-commerce applications of the Internet.

Points to Remember: Chloroplast structure: Thylakoids, grana, stroma, inner and outer membranes. Light reactions: Light-dependent, produce ATP and NADPH. Dark reactions (Calvin cycle): Light-independent, use ATP and NADPH to fix CO2. Location of reactions: Light reactions in thylakoid membranes, dark reactions in stroma. Introduction: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some protists, responsible … Read more Draw a well-labeled diagram of the ultra-structure of a chloroplast. What do you mean by light and dark reactions? In which part of the chloroplast do these reactions take place?

Points to Remember: Durability Adhesion Appearance (Color, Sheen) Application Properties Safety and Environmental Impact Cost-effectiveness Introduction: Paint is a ubiquitous material used for protecting, decorating, and enhancing surfaces. A “good” paint goes beyond simply providing color; it encompasses a range of properties that ensure its longevity, performance, and safety. The quality of paint is determined … Read more What are the characteristics of a good paint? Describe briefly different components of paint.

Points to Remember: Genetic modification Pest resistance Environmental impact Economic implications Public perception Introduction: Bt cotton refers to a genetically modified (GM) crop of cotton plants that have been genetically engineered to produce an insecticide. This insecticide, derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is toxic to certain insect pests, primarily bollworms, which are major … Read more What is B.T. Cotton?

Points to Remember: GIS is a powerful tool for spatial data management and analysis. Its applications span numerous sectors, offering diverse functionalities. Understanding the limitations of GIS is crucial for effective implementation. Introduction: A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical … Read more Outline the uses of G.I.S. (Geographical Information System).

Points to Remember: GPS stands for Global Positioning System. It’s a satellite-based radio-navigation system. It provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. GPS has numerous civilian and military applications. Introduction: GPS, or Global … Read more What do you mean by G.P.S.? Illustrate with examples.

Points to Remember: Disaster mitigation aims to reduce the impact of disasters before they occur. Mitigation strategies encompass structural and non-structural measures. Effective mitigation requires community participation and government support. Sustainable development practices are crucial for long-term disaster resilience. Introduction: Disaster mitigation refers to the actions taken to reduce or eliminate the risks posed by … Read more Define disaster mitigation and enlist major mitigation approaches.

Points to Remember: Causal organism of Swine flu (H1N1) Symptoms of Swine flu Preventive measures against Swine flu Introduction: Swine influenza, commonly known as swine flu, is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses that primarily infect pigs. While pigs are the main reservoir, human infections can occur, sometimes leading to pandemics. The most well-known … Read more What is the causal organism of Swine flu? Discuss its symptoms and preventive measures in brief.

Points to Remember: Carbon footprint definition and components. Calculation methods and limitations. Individual and organizational contributions. Mitigation strategies and policy implications. Global impact and future outlook. Introduction: The term “carbon footprint” refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs), primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), generated by our actions. It encompasses the entire lifecycle of a … Read more What do you understand by carbon footprints?