UKPSC 2012 Paper IV

Points to Remember: Major coalfields of India Geographical distribution across states Production capacity and contribution to national output Challenges and future prospects of coal mining in these areas Introduction: India possesses significant coal reserves, a crucial energy source for its power generation and industrial sectors. Coal mining contributes substantially to the national economy, but also … Read more Give the distribution of Coal producing areas of India.

Points to Remember: The Earth’s atmosphere is divided into four main layers based on temperature gradients. The troposphere is the lowest layer, containing most of the atmosphere’s mass and weather phenomena. Each layer has distinct characteristics regarding temperature, pressure, and composition. Introduction: The Earth’s atmosphere is a vital component of our planet, providing the air … Read more Name the four layers of the atmosphere and describe the lowermost layer.

Points to Remember: River deltas are landforms created by the deposition of sediment carried by rivers as they flow into a larger body of water. Delta shape is influenced by several factors, including river discharge, tidal currents, and wave action. Several classification systems exist based on delta shape. Introduction: A river delta is a low-lying, … Read more Describe river delta and present their classification on the basis of shape.

Points to Remember: Formation and characteristics of tropical cyclones. Geographic distribution and seasonality. Impacts and hazards associated with tropical cyclones. Forecasting and mitigation strategies. Introduction: Tropical cyclones, also known as hurricanes (in the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific) or typhoons (in the Northwest Pacific), are intense, rotating weather systems characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. … Read more Present a brief description of tropical cyclone.

Points to Remember: Increased food production, adoption of high-yielding varieties, use of fertilizers and irrigation, impact on poverty and food security, environmental consequences. Introduction: The Green Revolution, spanning roughly from the mid-1960s to the late 1970s, was a period of intensified agricultural development in India. Driven by the introduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, increased … Read more Write in brief on the achievements of the Green Revolution in India.

Points to Remember: Altitude and prominence of Nanda Devi Peak. Location within the Himalayas and its proximity to other peaks. Geological composition and formation. Glaciers and rivers associated with the peak. Biodiversity and ecological significance. Introduction: Nanda Devi, standing at 7,816 meters (25,643 feet), is the second-highest mountain peak in India and the 23rd highest … Read more Give salient geographical features of Nanda Devi Peak.

Points to Remember: Direct impacts of environmental degradation on tourism in Uttarakhand (e.g., loss of natural beauty, hazards). Indirect impacts (e.g., economic losses, social disruption). Uttarakhand’s unique environmental vulnerability. Mitigation strategies and sustainable tourism practices. Introduction: Uttarakhand, known as the “Dev Bhoomi” (Land of Gods), is a state in India renowned for its breathtaking Himalayan … Read more ‘Tourism Industry is the direct and indirect victim of environmental degradation in Uttarakhand.’ Explain this statement.

Points to Remember: Three main functional types of Indian cities: Administrative, Commercial, and Industrial. Examples of each type, illustrating their primary functions. Overlapping functions and the evolving nature of urban classifications. Introduction: Urban areas in India exhibit diverse functional characteristics, reflecting their historical development, economic activities, and administrative roles. While a rigid categorization is difficult … Read more What are the three main functional types of cities of India? Give examples.

Points to Remember: Promotion of exports Protection of domestic industries Fair competition Economic growth Increased employment Enhanced consumer welfare Introduction: India’s trade policy is a dynamic instrument aimed at achieving several interconnected economic and social goals. It’s not static; it evolves to reflect changing global economic conditions, domestic priorities, and technological advancements. The overarching aim … Read more What are the aims of the trade policy of India?

Points to Remember: WTO’s primary function is to reduce barriers to international trade. Methods used include negotiating agreements, dispute settlement, and technical assistance. Effectiveness is debated, with criticisms regarding its impact on developing countries. Introduction: The World Trade Organization (WTO), established in 1995, is an intergovernmental organization regulating international trade. Its core objective is to … Read more What are the ways the World Trade Organization (WTO) adopts to reduce barriers to international trade?