Points to Remember: The Nine-Dash Line’s historical context and evolving interpretations. The legal basis (or lack thereof) for the Nine-Dash Line. The conflicting claims and territorial disputes it generates. The international legal framework governing maritime boundaries. The potential for conflict and the importance of peaceful resolution. Introduction: The “Nine-Dash Line” is a demarcation line used … Read more What is the ‘Nine-dash Line’? Why is it a bone of contention?

Keywords: National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR), India, obligations, effectiveness. Required Approach: Primarily factual and analytical, with some elements of opinion-based assessment of effectiveness. Points to Remember: NCPCR’s statutory mandate and powers. Mechanisms for monitoring child rights violations. Effectiveness in achieving its goals (both successes and shortcomings). Challenges faced by the commission. … Read more Discuss the obligations of the National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights in India. Is it effective?

Points to Remember: Judicial Review: Power of courts to review legislative and executive actions. Judicial Activism: Judges actively shaping public policy through their decisions. Key Differences: Scope of intervention, basis for decisions, and impact on separation of powers. Introduction: Judicial review and judicial activism are two closely related but distinct concepts within the realm of … Read more What is meant by ‘Judicial Review’? How is it different from ‘Judicial Activism’?

Points to Remember: Gram Panchayats are the local self-government bodies at the village level in India. Their functions are enshrined in the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. Functions cover various aspects of rural development and governance. Introduction: Gram Panchayats are the cornerstone of India’s decentralized governance system, established under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. … Read more Name the main functions performed by the Gram Panchayats.

Points to Remember: The term “Blue Helmets” refers to UN peacekeepers. UN peacekeepers are military and civilian personnel deployed internationally. Their mandate is to maintain peace and security in conflict zones. Their operations are authorized by the UN Security Council. Introduction: The term “Blue Helmets” is a widely recognized moniker for the United Nations Peacekeeping … Read more Who are called the ‘Blue Helmets’ in the United Nations?

Points to Remember: Origin and Objectives: The movement’s genesis, primary goals, and the issues it addressed. Key Players and Strategies: The individuals, groups, and organizations involved, and their methods of protest and advocacy. Impact and Outcomes: The movement’s successes, failures, and long-term consequences for water management in Uttarakhand. Lessons Learned: Insights gained from the movement … Read more What was the ‘Pani Rakho’ movement in Uttarakhand?

Keywords: Reasonable restrictions, freedom of speech and expression, Indian Constitution. Required Approach: Factual and Analytical Points to Remember: Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of speech and expression. This freedom is not absolute and is subject to reasonable restrictions. These restrictions are outlined in Article 19(2). The courts play a crucial role in … Read more What are the reasonable restrictions imposed on the freedom of speech and expression under the Indian Constitution?

Points to Remember: Focus on the key recommendations of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) Report. Structure the answer systematically, covering various aspects of the recommendations. Maintain a balanced perspective, highlighting both the strengths and limitations of the recommendations. Introduction: The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC), constituted in 2005, submitted its reports between 2005 and … Read more Point out the key recommendations of the ‘Second Administrative Reforms Commission Report’.

Points to Remember: Geographical location and historical context of Van Gujjars. Their socio-economic conditions and livelihoods. Their relationship with the forest and its resources. Legal and political aspects concerning their rights and land ownership. Ongoing challenges and potential solutions. Introduction: The Van Gujjars are a pastoral nomadic community residing primarily in the Himalayan region of … Read more Who are the ‘Van Gujjars’ in Uttarakhand?

Points to Remember: Basel Convention’s aim to control transboundary movements of hazardous wastes. Developed vs. Developing country disparities in waste management. The Convention’s impact on environmental protection and international cooperation. Challenges in implementation and enforcement. The role of the Basel Convention in promoting sustainable waste management practices. Introduction: The Basel Convention on the Control of … Read more Related to the environment, what is the significance of the Basel Convention, 1989?