Points to Remember: Ozone layer depletion is primarily caused by human-made chemicals. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are the main culprits. The depletion is most severe over Antarctica (the “ozone hole”). International cooperation is crucial to address this environmental challenge. Introduction: The ozone layer, a region in the Earth’s stratosphere (approximately 15-35 km … Read more Mention the causes of ozone layer depletion.

Points to Remember: Major cultivable fish species in Uttarakhand. Suitability of different species to Uttarakhand’s climate and water bodies. Challenges and opportunities in fish farming in Uttarakhand. Potential for sustainable aquaculture development in the state. Introduction: Uttarakhand, a state in the Indian Himalayas, possesses diverse aquatic resources including rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. While known for … Read more Give an account of cultivable species of fishes in Uttarakhand.

Points to Remember: Geological factors (rock type, slope angle, etc.) Climatic factors (rainfall, snowmelt, etc.) Human activities (deforestation, road construction, etc.) Triggering mechanisms (earthquakes, heavy rainfall events, etc.) Introduction: The Himalayan region, a geologically active and highly mountainous area, is prone to landslides and avalanches. These catastrophic events cause significant loss of life and property, … Read more What are the main reasons for landslides and avalanches in the Himalayan region? Mention them.

Points to Remember: Four major honeybee diseases. Main symptoms of each disease. Introduction: Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are vital pollinators crucial for global food security and biodiversity. However, these insects are susceptible to various diseases, many of which are exacerbated by factors like pesticide use, habitat loss, and climate change. Understanding these diseases and their symptoms … Read more Describe any four diseases of honeybees and their main symptoms.

Points to Remember: Volatility refers to a memory’s ability to retain data when power is removed. Volatile memory requires constant power to maintain stored data. Non-volatile memory retains data even when power is lost. Different types of memory serve different purposes in a computer system. Introduction: Computer memory is crucial for storing data and instructions … Read more Write the differences between volatile and non-volatile memory.

Points to Remember: Establishment date of Uttarakhand SDRF. Responsible authority for the SDRF in Uttarakhand. Introduction: The State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) is a specialized force established by various Indian states to handle natural and man-made disasters within their respective jurisdictions. These forces play a crucial role in disaster mitigation, relief, and rescue operations, complementing … Read more When was the State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) established by Uttarakhand, and who is responsible for it?

Points to Remember: Email’s asynchronous nature Real-time communication definitions Advantages and disadvantages of email’s non-real-time nature Comparison with real-time communication tools The evolving role of email in communication Introduction: The statement “Email is not a real-time communication system” highlights a key characteristic differentiating it from other communication methods. Real-time communication, broadly defined, involves the instantaneous … Read more “E-mail is not a real-time communication system.” Comment on this statement.

Points to Remember: Chromosomes are classified based on the position of their centromere. Giant chromosomes are exceptionally large chromosomes found in certain tissues. The classification of chromosomes is crucial for understanding karyotypes and genetic disorders. Giant chromosomes provide valuable insights into gene expression and chromosome structure. Introduction: Chromosomes, thread-like structures found within the nucleus of … Read more Classify the chromosomes based on the position of the centromere. Write a brief note on giant chromosomes.

Points to Remember: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection National treatment and most-favored-nation treatment Enforcement Exceptions and limitations Introduction: The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is a multilateral agreement on intellectual property (IP) administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Signed in 1994, it came into effect in 1995 and represents a … Read more What are the basic principles of the TRIPS Agreement?

Points to Remember: Identification of specific areas in Uttarakhand declared as Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs). Understanding the rationale behind declaring these areas as ESZs. Awareness of the regulations and restrictions imposed within ESZs. Introduction: Uttarakhand, known for its rich biodiversity and fragile Himalayan ecosystem, has designated several areas as Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) under the Environment (Protection) … Read more Which area of Uttarakhand has been declared an Eco-Sensitive zone?