Ore

Ore

An ore is a special type of rock that contains a large enough amount of a particular mineral (usually a metal) to make

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it economically practical to extract that mineral from the surrounding rock. Not all minerals are found in a large enough amount in one location to make it worth it to remove the ore from the rock through a process known as mining. Ores can be mined in a number of ways, including strip mining as shown here at this uranium mine. If there is a large enough amount present, the rock will be extracted and processed in a variety of ways (depending on the type of mineral) to remove the mineral from the surrounding rock. Once they are extracted and processed, the minerals can be turned into whatever products are desired, including the components in your cell phones and computers. One of the best known metals, gold, is extracted from gold ore like this sample.

Extraction

The process of extracting metal ores buried deep underground is called Mining. The metal ores are found in the earth’s crust in varying abundance. The extraction of metals from ores is what allows us to use the minerals in the ground! The ores are very different from the finished metals that we see in buildings and bridges. Ores consist of the desired metal compound and the impurities and earthly substances called gangue. The extraction of metals and its isolation occurs over few major steps:
• Concentration of Ore
• Isolation of metal from the concentrated Ore
• Purification of the metal

Some Important Ores of Metals

Name of Elements: Aluminum (Al)

Ores: Bauxite: Al₂O₃2H₂O

Corundum: Al₂O₃

Kryolite: Na₃AlF₆

Name of Elements: Iron (Fe)

Ores: Hematite: Fe₂O₃

Magnetite: Fe₃O₄

IronPyrite: FeS₂

Siderite: FeCO₃

Name of Elements: Copper (Cu)

Ores: Copper Pyrite: CuFeS₂

Copper Glance: Cu₂S

Malachite: 2CuCO₃Cu(OH)₂

Name of Elements: Zinc (Zn)

Ores: Zinc Blende: ZnS

Calamine: ZnCo₃

Name of Elements: Sodium (Na)

Ores: Rock Salt: NaCl

Sodium Carbonate: Na₂CO₃

Name of Elements: Potassium (K)

Ores: Karnalite: KClMgCl6H₂O

Salt Petre: KNO₃

Name of Elements: Lead (Pb)

Ores: Galena: PbS

Anglesite: PbCl₂

Name of Elements: Tin (Sn)

Ores: Tin Pyrites: Cu₂FeSnS₄

Classiterite: SnO₂

Name of Elements: Silver (Ag)

Ores: Silver Glance: Ag₂S

Name of Elements: Gold (Au)

Ores: Calve rite: AuTe₂

Sybarite: AgAuTe₂

Name of Elements: Mercury (Hg)

Ores: Cinnabar: HgS

Calomel: Hg₂Cl₂

Name of Elements: Magnesium (Mg)

Ores: Dolomite: MgCO₃CaCO₃

Karnalite: KClMgCl₂6H₂O

Name of Elements: Calcium (Ca)

Ores: Lime Stone: CaCO₃

Dolomite: MgCO₃CaCO₃

Name of Elements: Phosphorous (P)

Ores: Phosphorite: Ca₃(PO₄)CaFe₂

Floreopetite: 3Ca₃(PO₄)CaFe₂

Difference between Minerals and Ores

Minerals	Ores
All the naturally occurring substances of metals which are present in the earth’s crust are known as Minerals.	Ores are usually used to extract metals economically. A large amount of metals are present.
All Minerals are not ores.	All ores are minerals.
Minerals are native form in which metals exist.	Ores are mineral deposits.

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