FOREST ECOSYSTEM

    Forest ecosystem includes a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities. Optimum conditions such as temperature and ground moisture are responsible for the establishment of forest communities. Forests may be evergreen or deciduous which are distinguished on the basis of leaf into broad-leafed or needle leafed coniferous forests in the case of … Read more FOREST ECOSYSTEM

   TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

    The interrelations between organisms and environment on the land constitute “Terrestrial Ecology”. The most important limiting factors of the terrestrial ecosystems are moisture and temperature.     TUNDRA The word tundra means a “barren land” since they are found where environmental conditions are very severe. There are two types of tundra- arctic and … Read more    TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

ECOLOGY

    Ecology is  defined “as a scientific study of the relationship of the living organisms with each other and with their environment.” The classical texts of the Vedic period such as the Vedas, the Samhitas, the Brahmanas and the Aranyakas-Upanishads contain many references to ecological concepts .The Indian treatise on medicine, the Caraka- Samhita … Read more ECOLOGY

Miscellaneous Facts:

Miscellaneous Facts:   India’s GDP per Capita 622 (US $ PPP). It is 684 US $ for Pakistan.   The top 3 countries with external debt are Brazil (235 billion $), China (193 billion $) & Russia (175 billion $). India is 9th with 112 billion $.   Functional employment occurs when people change from … Read more Miscellaneous Facts:

Commissions/Committees & Their Purpose

  Commissions/Committees & Their Purpose Arjun Sen Gupta   Public Sector Enterprise Autonomy Committee         Rangarajan Committee   Disinvestment of PSUs & Balance of Payments. Malhotra Committee   Insurance Sector & its regulation. Follow up led to setting up of IRDA. Madhukar Committee   Gold exchange traded fund implementation. L.C. Gupta Committee … Read more Commissions/Committees & Their Purpose

Four Modes of Services under GATT

  Four Modes of Services under GATT Mode 1 Cross border trade, which is defined as delivery of a service from the territory of one   country into the territory of other country; Mode 2 Consumption abroad – this mode covers supply of a service of one country to the service   consumer of any … Read more Four Modes of Services under GATT

Direct & Indirect Taxes

    Direct & Indirect Taxes   Direct Tax   Indirect Tax     Corporation Tax   Excise Duties     Income Tax   Service Tax     Interest Tax   Central Value Added Tax (Vat)     Expenditure Tax   Sales Tax     Wealth Tax   Property Tax     Gift Tax   … Read more Direct & Indirect Taxes

Components of Money Supply

    Components of Money Supply   M1 Consists of currency with the public (ie notes & coins in circulation minus cash with the banks)   plus demand deposits with the bank (deposits which can be withdrawn without notice) plus   other deposits with RBI (usually negligible). Also called narrow money M2 M1 + saving … Read more Components of Money Supply

Organizations & Their Survey/Reports

Organizations & Their Survey/Reports 1. World Economic & Social Survey U. N 2. World Investment Report UNCTAD 3. Global Competitiveness Report World Economic Forum 4. World Economic Outlook IMF 5. Business Competitive Index World Economic Forum 6. Green Index World Bank 7. Business Confidence Index NCAER 8. Poverty Ratio Planning Commission 9. Economic Survey Ministry … Read more Organizations & Their Survey/Reports

Millenium Development Goals

Millenium Development Goals 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Develop a global partnership for development

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