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Physical Geography
- Climatic changes
- Global warming
- Greenhouse effect
- Classification of climates, (Koppen and Thornthwaite)
- Tropical and temperate cyclones
- Air masses and fronts
- Horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature, inversion of temperature
- Insolation,heat budget of the earth
- Composition, Structure and Stratification of the atmosphere
- Geomorphic processes; Weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition,soil formation,Landscape cycles, ideas of Davis and Penck
- Evolution and characteristics of landforms in the Fluvial, Glacial, Arid and Karst regions
- Major types of rocks and their characteristics
- Tsunamis
- Earthquakes
- Plate tectonics
- Wegner’s Continental Drift Theory
- Interior of earth,
- Origin and evolution of earth
- Various National Missions and Programmes:-
- Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
Indian Geography
- Agricultural Crops of India
- Landforms
- Multipurpose Projects & Hydro-Electric Projects in India
- Mineral Resources of India
- Drainage System of India
- Environment and Ecological Issues
- Development of Industries : Types of Industries;factors of industrial location, distribution and changing pattern of selected industries [iron and steel, cotton textile, sugar and petro- chemicals); Weber’s theory of industrial location-lts relevance in the modern world.
- Non- metallic and conventional minerals [coal,petroleum and natural gas), (c) hydro electricity and non conventional sources of energy (Solar, Wind, bio-gas),(d) energy sources Their distribution and conservation.
- Minerals and Energy Resources : Distribution and utility of [a] metallic minerals (ion ore, copper, bauxite, manganese)
- Scarcity of water, methods of conservation-rain water harvesting and watershed management, ground water management
- Utilization for industrial and other purposes, irrigation
- Water Resources : Availability
- Geographical condition and distribution of major crops, like,Rice, Wheat,Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Rubber, Tea and Coffee
- Development and Utilization Land Resources ie General land use, agricultural land use
- Natural Resources of India
- functional classification of urban settlements Problems of human settlement in India
- Urban morphology
- Types of Settlements : rural and urban
- Population, environment and development
- Age: Sex, ratio, rural-urban composition
World Geography