UKPSC Mains 2024 Notes
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. It refers to the effect of tax avoidance strategies used by multinational corporations on countries’ tax basis. The term was used for the first time by OECD. In an increasingly interconnected world, national tax laws have not kept pace with global corporations, fluid capital, and the digital economy, leaving gaps that can be exploited … Read more DMPQ- Briefly discuss the concept of Base erosion and profit shifting.
. The first and foremost issue is defining the ‘sensitive list’, or a negative list which would not be open to trade, those product lines on whom tariffs would not be reduced. This is also referred as trading to a negative list, which means trading in goods, other than those in the negative list. Very … Read more DMPQ-Discuss the biggest obstacles hindering regional trading .
. Regional trading refer to a treaty that is signed by two or more countries to encourage free movement of goods and services across the borders of its members. The agreement comes with internal rules that member countries follow among themselves. When dealing with non-member countries, there are external rules in place that the members … Read more DMPQ-What is regional trading ? Point out the arguments in favor of regional trading.
Exchange rates in the ideal sense be a reflection of differences in purchasing power of economies on account of various factors. However, this is true only if the entire global world had free trade, without any restrictions, ability of goods to move across geographies without any hindrance, similar like a bird flying, ability to reach … Read more DMPQ-Explain how exchange Rate and Purchasing Power Parity effect each other.
. First, India’s imports comprises of essentials such as crude petroleum, machineries and fertilizers which become expensive raising their prices facilitating ‘import’ of inflation. India is very susceptible to a stubborn and sticky inflation. It hurts the masses in terms of across the board higher prices. All imports become expensive including raw materials, goods and … Read more DMPQ- . Throw light on the implications of rupee depreciation on Indian economy.
Managed float regime is the current international financial environment in which exchange rates fluctuate from day to day, but central banks attempt to influence their countries’ exchange rates by buying and selling currencies. It is also known as a dirty float. India’s exchange rate policy has evolved over time in line with the gradual opening … Read more DMPQ- Trace India’s progress towards market exchange rate.
Exchange rate determination is either as pegged/fixed exchange rates or market-determined exchange rates. Pegged or fixed exchange rates are determined as a direct intervention of the central bank in deciding on the exchange rates. There are certain variants to such interventions like: Currency Board The central bank of a country pegs the home currency to … Read more DMPQ- Highlight the major determinants of currency exchange rates.
. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy over the last five decades. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparateively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward … Read more DMPQ- . “Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are backbone of india;s economy.” Elucidate.
. Mission Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) for ensuring housing for all in urban areas was launched in 2015 which is to be implemented during 2015-22. The Mission provides central assistance to all eligible families/ beneficiaries across all statutory towns for houses included under the mission. The coverage of the Mission was earlier limited to … Read more DMPQ- Evaluate the progress made by the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana in achieving the goal of housing for all .
Foreign portfolio investment (FPI) consists of securities and other financial assets held by investors in another country. It does not provide the investor with direct ownership of a company’s assets and is relatively liquid depending on the volatility of the market. Along with foreign direct investment (FDI), FPI is one of the common ways to … Read more DMPQ-What is Foreign portfolio investment(FPI) ? How is it different from FDI ?