UKPSC 2016 Paper IV

Points to Remember: Definition and origin of Western Disturbances (WDs). Meteorological characteristics of WDs. Impact of WDs on Indian weather patterns (temperature, precipitation). Positive and negative impacts on agriculture, water resources, and human life. Forecasting and mitigation strategies. Introduction: Western Disturbances (WDs) are extra-tropical weather systems originating in the Mediterranean region and moving eastward across … Read more What is Western Disturbance? Describe its impact on India.

Points to Remember: Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks (protoliths) through transformation by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. Classification is based on texture (foliated or non-foliated) and mineral composition. Examples include marble, slate, gneiss, and quartzite. Introduction: Metamorphic rocks constitute a significant portion of the Earth’s crust. Unlike igneous rocks formed from cooling magma, … Read more Give the characteristics of Metamorphic rocks and classify them.

Points to Remember: Different types of rainfall are classified based on their formation mechanisms. Understanding rainfall types is crucial for weather forecasting, agriculture, and water resource management. Each type has unique characteristics influencing its intensity, duration, and geographical distribution. Introduction: Rainfall, the precipitation of liquid water in the form of drops, is a vital component … Read more Describe the types of rainfall.

Points to Remember: Raw Materials: Availability of iron ore, coking coal, and limestone. Energy: Abundant and affordable energy sources (coal, electricity, natural gas). Transportation: Efficient and cost-effective transportation networks for raw materials and finished products. Technology: Advanced technology for iron and steel production. Labor: Skilled and unskilled labor force. Capital: Significant investment in infrastructure and … Read more Explain the essential conditions for the development of the Iron and Steel Industry and give suitable examples from the U.S.A.

Points to Remember: Cement production process Key raw materials Environmental impact Economic significance Global market trends Introduction: The cement industry is a cornerstone of global infrastructure development. Cement, a binding material used in concrete, is crucial for construction projects ranging from residential buildings and roads to bridges and dams. The global cement production capacity exceeded … Read more Give a short description of the Cement Industry.

Points to Remember: Tsunamis are giant waves caused by underwater disturbances. They can be devastatingly destructive. Early warning systems are crucial for minimizing casualties. Understanding geological factors is key to predicting tsunami risk. Introduction: Tsunamis, often mistakenly called “tidal waves,” are a series of extremely long waves caused by a large and sudden displacement of … Read more What are Tsunamis?

Points to Remember: El Niño’s global impact on weather patterns. The mechanism behind El Niño’s development. Socioeconomic consequences of El Niño events. Prediction and mitigation strategies. Introduction: El Niño, meaning “the Christ child” in Spanish, is a climate pattern that occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. It’s characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures near the … Read more Comment on the El-Nino effect.

Points to Remember: Geographical location and extent Geological formations and age Height and elevation Biodiversity and ecological significance Rainfall patterns and river systems Human impact and conservation efforts Introduction: The Western and Eastern Ghats are two mountain ranges in peninsular India, crucial for the country’s biodiversity and water resources. While both are significant geographical features, … Read more How do the Western Ghats differ from the Eastern Ghats?

Points to Remember: Traditional methods vs. modern methods Water management techniques Seed selection and variety Fertilizers and pesticides usage Impact on environment and human health Introduction: Rice cultivation is the backbone of Indian agriculture, contributing significantly to food security and livelihoods. India is the second-largest rice producer globally, with diverse agro-climatic conditions leading to a … Read more What methods of rice cultivation are practiced in India?

Points to Remember: Geographical factors (fertile soil, riverine location) Historical factors (British colonial policies) Infrastructure and labor availability Market access and proximity to ports Government policies and incentives Introduction: The jute industry, once a cornerstone of India’s economy, has historically been heavily concentrated in the Hooghly tract of West Bengal. This region, encompassing the fertile … Read more What are the reasons for the concentration of the Jute Industry in the Hooghly tract of West Bengal?