UKPSC 2012 Paper V

Points to Remember: Liberalization of trade policy post-1991. Three key reform measures: tariff reduction, export promotion, and foreign investment liberalization. Impact on Indian economy – both positive and negative. Introduction: India’s economic liberalization in 1991 marked a significant shift from a socialist, inward-looking economy to a more market-oriented, outward-looking one. Prior to 1991, India’s trade … Read more Explain any three reform measures that have been introduced in India’s trade policy since 1991.

Points to Remember: FEMA’s main objective: To regulate foreign exchange transactions in India. Key aspects: Regulation of outward remittances, inward remittances, capital account transactions, and enforcement mechanisms. Impact on Indian economy: Facilitates international trade and investment, but also involves restrictions and regulations. Recent amendments and their implications. Introduction: The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) … Read more Throw light on Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA).

Points to Remember: VAT is a consumption tax. It’s levied at each stage of the production and distribution chain. The final consumer bears the ultimate tax burden. It’s a significant source of government revenue. Implementation and administration require robust systems. Introduction: Value Added Tax (VAT) is a consumption tax levied on the value added at … Read more Explain Value Added Tax (VAT).

Points to Remember: Auli’s geographical location and natural features. Auli’s reputation as a winter sports destination. Auli’s ecological significance and potential for sustainable tourism. Auli’s accessibility and infrastructure. Introduction: Auli, nestled in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, India, is renowned primarily for its breathtaking natural beauty and its burgeoning reputation as a premier winter sports … Read more What for is Auli famous?

Points to Remember: Yartsa Gunbu’s biological classification and characteristics. Its geographical distribution and harvesting methods. Its medicinal uses and purported health benefits. The economic and social impacts of Yartsa Gunbu harvesting. Environmental concerns and sustainability challenges. Introduction: Yartsa Gunbu ( Cordyceps sinensis), also known as keeda jadi, is a unique organism classified as a fungus … Read more What is Yartsa-Gumba/cordyceps sinensis/keeda jadi?

Points to Remember: Definition of economic planning. Objectives of economic planning. Types of economic planning. Advantages and disadvantages of economic planning. Role of the government in economic planning. Introduction: Economic planning refers to the conscious and deliberate effort by a government or other central authority to influence or direct the allocation of resources and the … Read more Define economic planning and explain its basic objective.

Points to Remember: Different classifications of industries exist. Use-based classification focuses on the purpose of the produced goods/services. India uses multiple classification systems, including use-based elements. Challenges exist in maintaining a consistent and up-to-date use-based classification. Improvements are needed for better policy-making and economic analysis. Introduction: Industrial classification is crucial for economic planning, policy formulation, … Read more How is ‘use-based classification’ of industries in India?

Points to Remember: Cropping intensity is a measure of agricultural efficiency. It’s calculated as a ratio and reflects land use optimization. High cropping intensity can lead to both benefits and drawbacks. Sustainable practices are crucial for managing the impacts of high cropping intensity. Introduction: Cropping intensity, a key indicator of agricultural productivity, refers to the … Read more What is cropping intensity?

Points to Remember: Panch Prayag are five sacred confluences of rivers in Uttarakhand. Each Prayag is named after a specific confluence. These confluences hold significant religious and cultural importance. Introduction: Uttarakhand, often called the “Devbhumi” (Land of Gods), is a state in India renowned for its numerous sacred rivers and pilgrimage sites. Among these are … Read more Name Panch Prayag and the rivers on whose confluence they are situated, of Uttarakhand State.

Points to Remember: The Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966) in India faced significant challenges. The gap between the Third and Fourth Five-Year Plans was primarily due to political and economic instability. The 1965 Indo-Pak war significantly impacted the economy and planning process. The Green Revolution played a role in shaping the priorities of the Fourth Plan. … Read more List reasons for the gap of three years between the termination of the Third Five Year Plan and the beginning of the Fourth Year Plan.